The short-term physiological effects of cocaine include constricted blood vessels, dilated pupils, and increased temperature, heart rate, and blood pressure. Main physiological effects of crack cocaine Harm reduction and public health agencies may distribute packets of citric acid or ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) for this purpose. However, whereas powder cocaine dissolves in water, crack must be dissolved in an acidic solution such as lemon juice (containing citric acid) or white vinegar (containing acetic acid), a process that effectively reverses the original conversion of powder cocaine to crack. Ĭrack cocaine can also be injected intravenously with the same effect as powder cocaine. Whereas cocaine hydrochloride cannot be smoked (burns with no effect), crack cocaine when smoked allows for quick absorption into the blood stream, and reaches the brain in eight seconds. This pulls the oil up and spins it, allowing air to set and dry the oil, and allows the maker to roll the oil into the rock-like shape.Ĭrack vaporizes near temperature 90 ☌ (194 ☏), much lower than the cocaine hydrochloride melting point of 190 ☌ (374 ☏). It is at this point that the oil is picked up rapidly, usually with a pin or long thin object. Free base cocaine separates as an oily layer, floating on the top of the now leftover aqueous phase. Loss of CO 2 prevents the reaction from reversing back to cocaine hydrochloride.
The heating accelerates the degradation of carbonic acid into carbon dioxide (CO 2) and water. Once mixed and heated, the bicarbonate reacts with the hydrochloride of the powder cocaine, forming free base cocaine and carbonic acid (H 2CO 3) in a reversible acid-base reaction. This process is frequently done with baking soda (sodium bicarbonate), water, and a spoon. The net reaction when using sodium bicarbonate isĬoc-H +Cl − + NaHCO 3 → Coc + H 2O + CO 2 + NaClĬoc-H +Cl − + NH 4HCO 3 → Coc + NH 4Cl + CO 2 + H 2OĢ(Coc-H +Cl −) + (NH 4) 2CO 3 → 2 Coc + 2 NH 4Cl + CO 2 + H 2OĬrack cocaine is frequently purchased already in rock form, although it is not uncommon for some users to "wash up" or "cook" powder cocaine into crack themselves. Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO 3, common baking soda) is a base used in the preparation of crack, although other weak bases may substitute for it. A close up of the "cooking" process that creates crack.
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